Meals and BrachosHalachos of Food Brought After Reciting the Bracha

If one recited a bracha on food and subsequently more food was brought:

If he originally had in mind that the bracha should include any food which will be brought out, or he had in mind to specifically include that food, he need not recite another bracha[1] רמ"א רו,ה, וע' ביה”ל ששו"ע סובר שאפי' כיון לפוטרו, אינו מועיל כיון שלא היה בפניו . It is always recommended when reciting a bracha rishona, to think to include any other food which may be brought[2] רמ"א (רו, ה) . When one is a guest at another’s house, or one is served by his wife or mother, one automatically has intention to include any food which may be served, and a new bracha is never required[3] ע"פ שו"ע (קעט, ב) .

In contrast, if one recited a bracha, thinking he would only eat a certain amount and not more, and he decided subsequently to eat more of the same food, he must recite another bracha[4] מ"ב רו, כ, וכן משמע בשו"ע (קעט, ד) . (Today, most people do not have this intention unless they are on a diet[5] כן נ"ל דסתם דעת אמעריקאים הוא לאכול כל מה שיכולים. .)

If one did not have either of these intentions in mind:

A.    When one eats a bread meal, one need not recite a bracha on any other foods, even if they were delivered to his house in the middle of the meal, because one always intends to include any other food which may be brought[6] קעז, ד-ה, ע"פ רמ"א שם .

B.    When one “sits down” to eat as a k’vius (e.g., for breakfast, lunch or supper), it is assumed that he knows he may eat other foods, and any bracha he makes automatically includes any other food or drink of that bracha[7] מ"ב (רו, כב). ושם כ' בשם יש מן האחרונים, ולשונו משמע שהוא ספק, וספק ברכות להקל. ומסתימות לשונו, משמע דגם משקה בכלל. . However, food which he wouldn’t normally expect to eat, such as food sent from a neighbor or other outside source after he recited his bracha, would require a bracha[8] כן משמע ממה שלא הביא מ"ב הנ"ל הקולא מדברי הרמ"א (קעז, ה) דגם מאכלים מבחוץ נכלל. . Similarly, if one is in the mood of snacking on whatever he may find in the pantry or refrigerator, no new bracha is required, unless the food is from an outside source.

C.    If one starting eating a snack (without thinking to only eat a specific amount), and then more of the same food is brought, no bracha is required. If it is an entirely different type of food, meaning, he was originally eating solids and then liquid is brought (e.g., fish followed by beer), a new bracha is required[9] מ"ב רו,כא . If it is similar in type, such as chicken and meat; if there is more of the original food remaining, no bracha is required, but if the original food is not there, a new bracha is required[10] מ"ב רו,כב. והיינו דוקא כשיש מאכל לפניו דדעתו לאוכלו, אבל אם יש עוד אוכל במקפיא או במקרר, נראה דלא מהני, כיון שאין דעתו עליו. .

If one started eating and then a complementary food is brought, e.g., he was eating salad and then croutons were brought, see Laws of Ikar and Tafel.